These are all used in addition to the normal PHB proficiencies.
A character with this proficiency is skilled in comprehending, copying, and creating maps. Copying and understanding maps are relatively simple, and as such, require no checks. The only requirements for copying are materials and time.
The only information about cost and time for creating maps is that I determined it would cost ~50,000 gp to hire a mapmaker and his entourage to make a detailed map of ~300,000 square mile area. And, the process took ~2 years. After this time, the mapmaker makes a check. If he makes it, he is done. If he misses, it takes 20% more time and money, then another check is made. This pattern continues until the check is succesful. If, at any point, the mapmaker critically fails his check, he will be unable to complete the map, for whatever reason. Everything spent up to that point will be lost.
When scare tactics just aren't enough, the torturer comes in. A character with this proficiency knows how to cause pain. He knows enough about anatomy, and psychology to get information out of a victim. This proficiency is fairly complicated. First of all, torture only works on a captured person. You can't torture someone who is up and fighting.
The torturer has to make a check. If he fails, the victim can't handle it, and goes unconscious. If he critically fails, the victim dies. If the torturer makes it, the victim must make a constitution check, modified negatively by how much the torturer made his own check by. There is also a modifier ranging from 0-20 determining how important the information is to the victim. 0 being unimportant, 20 being selling out your God. If the con check is failed, the victim gives up the goods. If it is made, he resists. Each torture check accounts for 1 day of torture.
As an added bonus, after every 30 days of succesful torture(torture check made, not necesarily constitution check missed), the victim has to make a wisdom check, or go insane. An insane character can no longer be tortured.
Example: Balar the Horrific thinks Pepe the Small and Flatulant stole his Holy Symbol, and he wants to find out where Pepe is hiding it. His Torture proficiency check is 9, and Pepe's con is 8. Balar rolls (7). He made the torture check by 2. So, Pepe has to make his con check. But, he really doesn't like Balar, and wants to screw him over, so he has a modifier of 4 to his check. So, he must roll equal to or below (8 - 2 + 4 = 10). He rolls a 4, and releases in Balar's face.
This proficiency allows the character to know something about a non-animal creature within sight. What exactly the character finds out is determined by the DM. But, the character should only be able to find out one thing per succesful check. A thing can be a weakness, or an attack form, or sleeping cycle, etc. A check should require at least 1 round of concentration.